abstract：:The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias are a diverse and clinically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by degeneration and dysfunction of the cerebellum and its associated pathways. Clinical and diagnostic evaluation can be challenging because of phenotypic overlap among causes, and a stratified an...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Shakkottai VG,Fogel BL

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune system plays a significant role in Alzheimer disease (AD). β-Amyloid deposition in the cortex is thought to be an initiating event in AD and the widely believed amyloid hypothesis proposes removal of amyloid may delay disease progression. Human trials of active or passive immune agents have failed to show b...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Farlow MR,Brosch JR

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is a proven effective therapy for acute ischemic stroke, it is often insufficient to achieve recanalization in patients with large intracranial artery occlusions. In these cases, intra-arterial reperfusion techniques may be useful. Intra-a...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Cohen JE,Leker RR,Rabinstein A

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuropathies due to nutritional problems can affect certain patient populations and have a varied presentation because of multiple coexistent nutritional deficiencies. Clinicians should consider nutritional neuropathies in patients presenting with neuropathies. Clinicians should be alert for signs and symptoms of neur...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Hammond N,Wang Y,Dimachkie MM,Barohn RJ

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spine trauma is a devastating clinical condition that affects many people annually on a worldwide basis. Management of spinal trauma has become much more surgically oriented with advances in stabilization techniques over the past two decades. The degree of injury to the spinal cord dictates the prognosis of the patien...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Zhang S,Wadhwa R,Haydel J,Toms J,Johnson K,Guthikonda B

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research models show a strong interrelationship between sleep quality and immune function. The proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α are classified as official sleep-regulatory substances. However, sleep-promoting properties are also possessed by several other immune and ...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Gamaldo CE,Shaikh AK,McArthur JC

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parasomnias are classified into nonrapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep parasomnias. It is important for the clinician to consider other parasomnia mimics that present to the sleep disorders clinic. These conditions can be differentiated by taking a detailed sleep history and conducting nocturnal polysomnog...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Malhotra RK,Avidan AY

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Throughout pregnancy and the puerperium, a variety of hormonal and physiologic changes occur that are associated with pregnancy-specific neurologic conditions, which may also influence known preexisting medical conditions or bring previously unknown neurologic conditions to clinical attention. This article reviews the...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Delfyett WT,Fetzer DT

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography provide important and complementary information as part of an electrodiagnostic study. Potential technical problems that are encountered during the studies may interfere with accurate and reliable acquisition of information and interpretation of the data. Recognitio...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Rubin DI

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CTS is a clinically defined syndrome; however, there is value added by an evidence-based electrodiagnostic approach to (1) efficiently confirm the diagnosis (particularly before invasive interventions), (2) to identify neurogenic mimickers or superimposed processes that may influence the response to treatment, and (3)...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Watson JC

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past 40 years have seen the evolution of acute ischemic stroke management from unproven therapies du jour, such as steroids, heparin for stroke in evolution, and hypervolemic-hemodilution, to more of a scientific basis for our decision-making process. This evolution is directly related to the advancements in imagi...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Kelley RE,Martin-Schild S

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unresponsive patients with or without catatonic motor signs are etiologically heterogeneous, and all require a comprehensive neurodiagnostic assessment to rule out organic causes. Most cases prove to be due to primary psychiatric disorders, mostly mood disorders, especially mania, rather than schizophrenia. These pati...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Hurwitz TA

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe acquired brain injury has profound impact on alertness, cognition, and behavior. Among those who survive the initial injury, a significant minority fail to fully recover self and environmental awareness, and go on to experience prolonged disorders of consciousness (DOC) that can last a lifetime. Although there ...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Hirschberg R,Giacino JT

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antidepressants are the most commonly prescribed class of medications in the United States. The clinician should be mindful of the many antidepressants that can produce seizures following an accidental exposure or an overdose. A broader understanding of the seizure potential of antidepressants, combined with the abili...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Judge BS,Rentmeester LL

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conventional disease-modifying agents are only moderately effective, so breakthrough disease activity is commonly seen. The evidence from randomized clinical trials and real-world observational data supporting the use of the second-line agents natalizumab, mitoxantrone, and cyclophosphamide are reviewed. Potential fut...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Marriott JJ,O'Connor PW

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review explores the principle features of the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly relapsing-remitting MS. It highlights the emerging concepts in the pathogenesis of MS in the context of known features of pathology, including the characterization of cytokine networks promoting inflammatory dam...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Wu GF,Alvarez E

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aggression is a serious medical problem that can place both the patient and the health care provider at risk. Aggression can result from medical, neurologic, and/or psychiatric disorders. A comprehensive patient evaluation is needed. Treatment options include pharmacotherapy as well as nonpharmacologic interventions, ...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Lane SD,Kjome KL,Moeller FG

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Motor fluctuations and dyskinesias are common motor complications that manifest within the first few years from the initiation of therapy in patients with Parkinson disease. These complications negatively affect the quality of life and represent an important source of disability. A growing number of therapeutic option...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Espay AJ

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurologists frequently evaluate patients complaining of vision loss, especially when the patient has been examined by an ophthalmologist who has found no ocular disease. A significant proportion of patients presenting to the neurologist with visual complaints have nonorganic or functional visual loss. Although there ...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Bruce BB,Newman NJ

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Giant cell arteritis is a systemic vasculitis with a wide clinical spectrum, and it represents a medical emergency. Visual loss is the most feared complication, and when it happens, it tends to be profound and permanent. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are imperative to minimize potentially devastating visual loss and ...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Falardeau J

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Smartphones make mobile computing at point of care practical. Smartphones can think, sync, and link. Built-in and user-installed applications facilitate communications between neurologists and their medical colleagues and patients and augment data acquisition and processing in the core medical information domains of p...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Busis N

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vasculitis or angiitis refers to a group of inflammatory disorders of the blood vessels that cause structural damage to the affected vessel, including thickening and weakening of the vessel wall, narrowing of its lumen, and, usually, vascular necrosis. Systemic vasculitis is classified according to the vessel size and...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Minagar A,Fowler M,Harris MK,Jaffe SL

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is no single definition of pharmacoresistant (intractable, refractory) epilepsy. Prospective identification of pharmacoresistance is complicated by the variability of its appearance across different types of epilepsy and the variability of seizure control within a given patient over time. Failure of informative ...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Berg AT

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myoclonus is defined as sudden, brief, shock-like, involuntary movements caused by muscular contractions or inhibitions. Etiologic classification organizes the myoclonus disorders and provides major categories of clinical presentation. However, classifying myoclonus according to its source provides insight about its p...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Caviness JN

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The substantial societal and individual burdens associated with tension-type headache (TTH) constitute a previously overlooked major public health issue. TTH is prevalent, affecting up to 78% of the general population, and 3% suffer from chronic TTH. Pericranial myofascial nociception probably is important for the pat...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Bendtsen L,Jensen R

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurologic symptoms are a prominent and often disturbing component of the migraine syndrome in many patients. Collectively termed "aura," migraine-related neurologic symptoms include visual, sensory, language, and motor disturbance. They occur in about one quarter of migraine patients, are classically transient, and a...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Foroozan R,Cutrer FM

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since its clinical introduction in the early 1980s, MRI has transformed the practice of differential diagnosis and disease monitoring for disorders affecting the central nervous system, in particular multiple sclerosis and the allied inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Widespread and dynamic inflammatory processes of...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Ali EN,Buckle GJ

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In light of the potentially devastating effects of hemorrhagic stroke, it is critical that an effective treatment paradigm be defined. This report briefly reviews the various subtypes of hemorrhagic stroke, considers the indications for surgery, and discusses specific surgical treatment options. ...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Ashley WW Jr,Charbel FT,Amin-Hanjani S

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the current era of escalating globalization with rapid transport, changing climate, and an ever growing human population with associated changes in lifestyle, poverty, and war, the emergence of new neurologic infections is accelerated. Understanding their origins using epidemiologic and molecular tools will contrib...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Johnson RT,Power C

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dramatic progress has been made recently in diagnosing and treating herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE). Advances in imaging technology have greatly enhanced our ability to diagnose the illness noninvasively. Acyclovir is of proven efficacy and is generally well-tolerated. The major clinical management problem is...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Baringer JR

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Given the magnitude of the problem of motor fluctuations in patients who have Parkinson's disease treated with levodopa, a significant effort has been expended by physicians, researchers, and pharmaceutical manufacturers over the years to find effective treatments. This article briefly reviews the medical options for ...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Dewey RB Jr

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traumatic brain injury is a common and complex clinical entity that deserves better and continued research on interventions and initial treatment postinjury. Current medical management of traumatic brain injury is articulated on minimizing secondary injury by optimizing cerebral perfusion and oxygenation and preventin...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Ling GS,Marshall SA

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article describes the physiologic and neural mechanisms that cause neuromuscular fatigue in racquet sports: table tennis, tennis, squash, and badminton. In these intermittent and dual activities, performance may be limited as a match progresses because of a reduced central activation, linked to changes in neurotr...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Girard O,Millet GP

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Brain metastases are a common complication of cancer and alter patient management more than metastases at any other site of distant progression. Supportive therapies include steroids and antiseizure medications. Definitive treatments include radiation therapy, surgery, and chemotherapy. The optimal choice of treatment...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Nguyen TD,DeAngelis LM

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary brain tumors consist of neoplasms with varied molecular defects, morphologic phenotypes, and clinical outcomes. The genetic and signaling abnormalities involved in tumor initiation and progression of the most prevalent adult primary brain tumors, including gliomas, meningiomas, and medulloblastomas, are descri...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Sauvageot CM,Kesari S,Stiles CD

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rapidly progressive dementias (RPDs) are neurologic conditions that develop subacutely over weeks to months or, rarely, acutely over days. In contrast to most dementing conditions that take years to progress to death, RPD quickly can be fatal. It is critical to evaluate patients who have RPD without delay, usually in ...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Geschwind MD,Haman A,Miller BL

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonsurgical, conservative approaches to spine pain include medication and physical therapy. In addition, several invasive procedures have been developed to provide relief when conservative options fail. These include facet joint injection and radiofrequency ablation techniques, translaminar and transforaminal epidural...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Levin KH

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Paraproteinemia frequently is associated with peripheral neuropathy. The clinical manifestations can be protean owing to the potential for multiple organ involvement. A methodical diagnostic approach to patients who have a plasma cell dyscrasia and neuropathy is necessary to ensure the appropriate detection of more wi...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Kwan JY

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spontaneous ICH remains a formidable disease that continues to disable and kill the majority of its victims. Treatment of the disease continues to be controversial and without any proved success, such as improvement in the disease mortality or the resulting disability in survivors. Primary prevention is the most effec...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Hsieh PC,Awad IA,Getch CC,Bendok BR,Rosenblatt SS,Batjer HH

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Personal experience indicates we sleep differently when sick. Data reviewed demonstrate the extent to which sleep is altered during the course of infection of host organisms by several classes of pathogens. One important unanswered question is whether or not the alterations in sleep during infection are of functional ...

journal_title：Neurologic clinics

authors： Opp MR

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00